|
;/sf/åf/f
k|:t't
/fHok|0ffnLdf
cu|ufdL ;'wf/;DaGwL cjwf/0ff
g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf tkm{af6 @)^) j}zfv !$ ut] k|:t't k|:tfj /
sfo{;"rLsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff;lxt
k[i7e"ld
!=
;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd;"u} /fHo;Qfsf] ;f/, :j¿k /
dfGotfdf ;'wf/ x'"b} hfg' Ps :jfefljs pkqmd xf] . g]kfn clw/fHosf]
PsLs/0fkZrft\ ;'? ePsf] cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf 36gfqmdx¿n] ;d]t pk/f]Qm
jf:tljstfnfO{ k'li6 ub{5g\ . ;'wf/ / kl/jt{gsf] ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf]
s8LnfO{ @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] :yflkt u/]sf] xf] . hgtfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf
lglxt /xg] Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq @)$^ ;fnsf]
df}lns pknlAwx¿ x'g\ .
@)$^
;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{]
qmddf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . ;+j}wflgs
k|lqmofx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf s]xL lj/f]wfef; Pj+ ult/f]wx¿ b]lvPsf] eP
tfklg pQm ;+ljwfg k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 Ps
pTs[i6 b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf cBflk hLjGt lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 .
@= lgZro g} @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkZrft\ /fHon] ljleGg IF]qx¿df
dxŒjk"0f{
pknlAwx¿ xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . tyflk kl/jt{gsf] dd{ / efjgf
Pj+ hgtfsf] kl/jlt{t cfsf+IFFcg'¿k /fhgLlts, cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf]
nIo k|FKt ug{] qmddf eg] ck]lIFt ;kmntf k|FKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ax'bnLo
k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkZrft\ b]zdf cfly{s / ;fdflhs k|ultsf ;Defjgfx¿af/]
hgtfdf 7"nf] cfzf / cfsf+IFFsf] nx/ cfPsf] lyof] . ;bLof}+b]lv
;+:yfut eP/ /x]sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs c;dfgtf / zf]if0fsf k/Dk/fx¿
k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fdf :jtM cf]OnfP/ hfg]5g\ / k|ultsf gof"
kmf"6x¿ b]zsf cflbjf;L, hghfltnufot ljleGg IF]q / ;f+:s[lts ;d"xx¿nfO{
v'nf x'g]5g\ eGg] ljZjf; cfd hg;d'bfodf /x]sf] lyof] . t/, k|hftGqsf]
gof" cEof;sf] qmddf oL ;Defjgfx¿ jf:tljstfdf kl/0ft x'g ;s]gg\ .
k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfg aGof], ;+/rgfx¿ tof/ eP, cfd r'gfjx¿ eP t/
k|hftGqsf] k|ltkmn Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf hghLjgnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dn]
cfd hgtfsf dfemdf k'Ug ;s]g . ;bLof}+b]lv ;dfhdf u'lD;P/ /x]sf
zf]if0f, c;dfgtf, lje]b / ljkGgtflj?4sf cfsf+IFfx¿n] k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fdf
d'vl/t x'g] df}sf k|FKt u/] tfklg tL ;d:ofx¿n] pko'Qm lgsf; kfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . ;fdflhs / cfly{s k|ultsf ;fy} zf;g ;+/rgfdf ;a} hflt / If]qsf]
kx'"r a9fpg] k|of; ;fy{s ¿kdf cl3 a9\g ;s]g . k|hftGq emG8}
cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt /xg k'Uof] .
r'gfjåf/f ;/sf/sf] u7g, ;+j}wflgs lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng tyf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f k|hftGqsf clgjfo{ tŒjx¿ x'g\ . oL Ps–csf{sf
kl/k"/ssf] ¿kdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . xfd|f] k|hftflGqs cEof;sf] qmddf
r'gfjL k|hftGq, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f Pj+ ;fdflhs, cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fsf
k|of;df ;fdGh:otf / cGt/;DaGw sfod x'g ;s]g . kmn:j¿k y'k|f ljs[lt /
lj;+ultx¿sf] hGd x'g k'Uof] .
#= ljut t]x| jif{leq /fHo;~rfngsf] qmddf b]lvPsf q'l6 /
sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;RofP/ k|hftGqsf] k|ltkmn k|To]s g]kfnLn] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg]
jftfj/0fsf] l;h{g ug{ jt{dfg ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfdf Jofks / cu|ufdL ;'wf/
ug{' lgtfGt h?/L ePsf] cfjfh ;+ljwfg kIFw/ zlQmx¿af6 ;d]t af/Daf/
p7\b} cfPsf] ;j{ljlbt 5 .
$= o;}aLr d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts ;Gt'ngdf klg clxn] df}lns kl/jt{g
cfPsf] 5 . @)$^ ;fndf sfod /x]sf] ;Gt'ngsf] :j¿kdf cfwf/e"t
leGgtf cfPsf] 5 .
pk/f]Qm k[i7e"lddf hgtfsf] rfxgfcg'¿k ljBdfg
/fHok|0ffnLdf cu|ufdL ;'wf/ ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf]
cjwf/0ffcGtu{t ax'bnLo r'gfjL k|hftGq, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f Pj+
cu|ufdL cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f /fHok|0ffnLdf ;'wf/sf clgjfo{ tŒj
x'g'kb{5 .
dfly plNnlvt jf:tljstfnfO{ Xbo+ud ub{} s]jn dfcf]jfbLaf6
p7fOPsf ljifox¿df dfq s]lGb|t geO{ /fHok|0ffnLdf ug{'kg{] ;du| ;'wf/sf]
¿k/]vfnfO{ k|:t't cjwf/0ff–kqdf ;+IF]kdf ;d]6\g] k|of; ePsf] 5 .
nIo
ljBdfg /fHok|0ffnLdf ul/g] cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf] nIo
b]xfoadf]lhd x'g'kb{5
-s_ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] ;xefuL / ;dflxt x'g;Sg] /fhgLlts
k4ltsf] lgdf{0f .
-v_ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] cfkm\gf] cfTdf]Gglt ug{ ;Sg] ;dfg
cj;/sf] l;h{gf .
-u_
;dsfnLg /fhgLlts ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
-3_ ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b, c;dfgtf / zf]if0fsf] cGt u/L ;dtfd"ns
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f .
ckl/xfo{
cfwf/x¿
hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo
k|hftGq Pj+ /fli6«o cv08tf / Pstfsf] ;+/IF0f / ;+j4{g g]kfnsf] /fHoJoj:yfsf]
efjL ljsf; qmddf ckl/xfo{ cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /xg] 5g\ .
cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf cfwf/e"t gLlt / l;4fGtx¿
!= /fli6«o :jtGqtf, Pstf / cv08tfnfO{ cIF'U0f ¿kdf sfod
/fVb} g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jfledfg / klxrfgsf] ;+j4{g ug{] tyf d'n'sdf
ljv08g Nofpg ;Sg] ;a} vfnsf k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{],
@=
cfw'lgsLs/0f Pj+ ;fdflhs pTyfgsf] nIo xfl;n u/L
g]kfnnfO{ Ps ;jn / ;d'Ggt /fi6«sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ug{],
#=
hflt, lnË, wd{, j0f{sf] cwf/df ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf
e]befjsf] cGt u/L k|To]s g]kfnLn] cfTdf]Gglt ug{ ;Sg] ;dfg cj;/sf]
l;h{gf ug{],
$= /fli6«o hLjgsf x/]s IF]qdf Gofok"0f{ Pj+ ;dtfd"ns
Joj:yf sfod u/L nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cg'e"lt k|bfg ug{],
%= v'nf ahf/d'vL cfly{s gLlt cjnDag u/L /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{
;'b[9 t'Nofpg],
^= zf;g Joj:yfdf cfd hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / kx'"rnfO{
clej[l4 ug{ k|efjsf/L :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g k|0ffnL ljsl;t ug{] .
cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf k|d'v
kIfx¿
/fHok|0ffnLdf k|:tfljt ;'wf/sf k|d'v kIFx¿ b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5g\
!=
/fHo ;~rfngdf hgtf g} lg0ff{os zlQm x'g\ eGg] dfGotfcg'¿k
b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lglxt /xg] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . /fHosf] ;~rfng
hgtfsf] cledtåf/f x'g] tyf hgk|ltlglwx¿ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]
Joj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy}, hgtfn] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u ug{]
ljlw / Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf :ki6 ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/g'kb{5 .
@= ljljw efiff, wd{, hflt / ;+:s[ltdf ljeflht g]kfnLx¿nfO{
/fli6«o Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfj4 u/L d'n'ssf] :jtGqtf / cv08tfnfO{ ;bf
cIF'U0f ¿kdf sfod /fVg] qmddf g]kfnL /fh;+:yfsf] e"ldsf / dxŒj
ckl/xfo{ 5 . t;y{, /fh;+:yf g]kfnL /fli6«otf / Pstfsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf
lg/Gt/ /lx/xg] 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g tyf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,
@)$& n] g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] :yfg / dof{bfnfO{ kl/eflift ul/;s]sf] 5
. oxL dfGotfcg'¿k ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] k4lt ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 .
#=
k|hftGqsf] d"n cy{ hgtfsf] zf;g xf] / csf{] cy{df
hgtfn] cfkm\gf k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ /fHo;~rfng ug{] k4lt g} k|hftGq xf] .
ljljw cf:yfsf cfwf/df v8f x'g] /fhgLlts bnx¿ hgcfsF+IFF / hgdtsf ;+jfxs
x'g] x'"bf ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{df cfwfl/t k|hftGq g} pTs[i6 zf;g
k|0ffnL xf] eGg]af/] s'g} ljjfb 5}g . t;y{,
-s_ ax'bnLo k|hftGq g]kfnsf] efjL /fHo Joj:yfsf] d]?b08sf]
¿kdf lg/Gt/ sfod /xg'kb{5 .
-v_
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cl:tTj / ultljlwnfO{ lgif]w ug{
g;lsg] ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrtf sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+/rgf, sfo{qmd / cfly{s ;|F]tnfO{
lg/Gt/ ¿kdf kf/bzL{, k|hftflGqs Pj+ dof{lbt t'Nofpg pko'Qm j}wflgs
cfwf/ tof/ ul/g'kb{5 .
$=
/fHo;~rfngsf] j}wtfsf] cfwf/ lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfn]
JoQm ug{] cledt xf] . lgjf{rg :jR5 / lgikIF x'g ;s]g eg] /fHo;~rfngdf
ljs[lt / lj;+ultx¿ b]vfkb{5 eGg] tYonfO{ ljutsf cg'ejx¿n] klg k'li6
u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy}, lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 JoQm x'g] cledtnfO{ hlt Jofks Pj+
k|ltlglwTjd"ns 9Ëaf6 ;+;b\df k|:t't ug{ ;lsof] Tolt g} j}wtfsf]
cfwf/ km/flsnf] x'g] tyf /fHo;~rfngdf hgtfsf] dt k|ltlalDat x'g] cj;/
k|FKt x'G5 . t;y{,
-s_ lgjf{rgdf :jR5tf / lgikIFtf sfod /fVg lgjf{rg cfof]usf]
dof{bf, :jfoQtf Pj+ sfo{If]q / clwsf/nfO{ ;'b[9 t'NofOg'kb{5 .
-v_ ljutsf cg'ejnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut ub{} :jtGq lgjf{rgnfO{
;'lglZrt ug{ lgjf{rg x'g] tLg dlxgf cufl8 lgikIF r'gfjL ;/sf/ /xg]
Joj:yf sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_
hgdtnfO{ Jofks / hgd'vL 9Ëaf6 cleJoQm x'g] cfwf/ tof/
ug{ s]xL IF]qdf afx]s d"n ¿kdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL sfod
ug{'kb{5 .
%= hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff k|hftGqsf] clgjfo{ tŒj xf]
. hgtfåf/f 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fHo;~rfng ug{] Joj:yfdf cj/f]w jf
l/Qmtf cfpg glbg pko'Qm ;+j}wflgs ;hutf sfod ug{'kb{5 . ;fy}, ;+;bLo
Joj:yfdf /fHosf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL /xg] x'"bf
k|wfgdGqL kbsf] dof{bf / ;zQmtfnfO{ lg/Gt/ sfod /flv/xg /fHok|0ffnLdf
ul/g] ;'wf/sf] qmddf k|wfgdGqLo k4ltnfO{ yk ;'b[9 t'NofOg'kb{5 .
k|ltlglw;ef lj36gnufotsf ljifox¿df k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/af/]
b]lvPsf] lj/f]wfef; / cGof]nnfO{ lg/fs/0f ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy}, dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
k|efjsfl/tfsf] clej[l4sf nflu ;+;b\ aflx/af6 ;d]t dGqLx¿ agfpg ;lsg]
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
^= hgtfsf efjgf / cfsf+IFFsf] ;+jfxs /fhgLlts bnx¿ x'g\
eg] tL efjgf / cfsf+IFFx¿ k|ltlalDat x'g] :yfg ;+;b\ xf] . t;y{,
;+;b\ ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf xf] / ;+;b\sf] dfWodaf6
g} hgtfn] cfkm"df lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] cEof; / k|of]u ub{5g\ .
;+;b\sf] k|efjsfl/tfn] hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt
lbnfpg] ePsf] x'"bf ;+;b\nfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] qmddf–
-s_ ;dfhdf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿sf ;fy} hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf
hghflt, cflbjf;L Pj+ blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] u/L ;+;b\sf] dflyNnf]
;bgsf] ;+/rgfdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_
b'j} ;bgsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ul/g'kb{5 tyf ;/sf/
;+;b\k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ cem ;'b[9 t'NofOg'kb{5 .
-u_
b'j} ;bgdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj sDtLdf @% k|ltzt sfod ug{]
Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .
&= zf;g k|0ffnLdf cfd hgtfsf] kx'"r / ;xeflutf
clej[l4 ug{] :yfgLo :jzf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L Pj+ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' lgtfGt
h?/L /xG5 . zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ hlt hgtfsf] lgs6 k'¥ofpg ;Sof] Tolt g} /fHosf]
k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 x'g hfG5 . o; jf:tljstfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L–
-s_ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ffcg'¿k :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf]
sfo{IF]q Pj+ clwsf/nfO{ ;+j}wflgs ¿kdf ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ hftLo ;+/rgf, ljsf;sf] l:ylt / ef}uf]lns cj:yfnfO{
x]/]/ :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] jt{dfg 9f"rf, ef}uf]lns
af"8kmf"8 / ;+Vofdf kl/jt{g ug{'kb{5 .
-u_ cfly{s ;DefJotf, hg;+Vof Pj+ ef}uf]lns cj:yfnfO{ cfwf/
dfgL IF]qLo:t/df :yfgLo :jzf;gsf] efjgfcg'¿k gof" ;+/rgf v8f ug{'kb{5
.
*=
hgtfsf] cledt g} /fHo;~rfngsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] /
hgtf g} zlQmsf] ;|f]t ePsf] x'"bf ckl/xfo{ cfwf/sf] ¿kdf lgwf{l/t
ljifox¿df afx]s /fli6«o dxŒjsf gLltut ljifox¿af/] hgtfsf] /fo a'em\g
;+;b\sf] lg0f{oåf/f hgdt;+u|x ul/g] Joj:yf sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
(= k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fdf k|To]s g]kfnLn] cfTdf]Gglt ug{
kfpg] ;dfg cj;/ l;h{gf ug{' /fi6«sf] bfloTj xf] . To;sf nflu–
-s_ ;a} wd{, hft, ;Dk|bfo, efiff Pj+ cf:yfsf] ;+/If0f /
;+j4{g u/L ax'bnLo ;dfhnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{'kb{5 . ;fy}, /fli6«o efiffx¿nfO{
:yfgLo lgsfox¿n] lg0f{o u/L sfdsfhsf] bf];|F] efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u
ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 .
-v_
cfkm\gf] cf:yf / ljZjf;cg';f/ cleJolQm ug{] / ;+u7g ug{]
:jtGqtfnfO{ cs'l07t ¿kdf sfod /fVg] ;+j}wflgs ;'lgZrttf k|bfg ul/g'kb{5
.
-u_ sfg'gL /fHosf] l;4FGtnfO{ /fli6«o hLjgsf] x/]s kIFdf
k"0f{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy nfu" x'g;Sg] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ug{'kb{5
.
-3_
h:tf];'s} sl7g kl/l:yltdf klg dfgj clwsf/, df}lns xs /
dfgjLo d"No cs'l07t /xg] ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{'kb{5 .
!)=
;bLof}+b]lv g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x"b} cfPsf]
hftLo tyf n}lËs lje]b, zf]if0f / c;dfgtfsf] l:yltnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;fwf/0f
k|of;af6 ;Dej 5}g . c;fwf/0f /f]usf] lgbfgsf nflu c;fwf/0f cf}iflw /
pkrf/ljlw g} cjnDag ug{'kg{] x'G5 . t;y{,
-s_ dfgj ljsf;sf] PsLs[t ;"rsf+snfO{ cfwf/ dfgL
hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf /fli6«o cf};t sfod geP;Dd lglZrt cjlwsf nflu
cflbjf;L, hghflt / blnt ;d'bfox¿sf nflu hgk|ltlglwTj, lzIFf, :jf:Yo,
k|zf;lgs ;]jf / cGo /f]huf/Lsf] IF]qdf cf/IF0f;lxtsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5
.
-v_ dlxnflj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf lje]bsf] cGTo ug]{, ;a} txsf
hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfx¿df sDtLdf @% k|ltzt :yfg ;'/lIFt ug{] tyf
lzIFf, :jf:Yo, k|zf;lgs ;]jf / cGo /f]huf/Lsf] IF]qdf cf/IF0f;lxtsf]
ljz]if Joj:yf ug{] ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrttf sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_
gful/stfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ :yfoL ¿kdf ;dfwfg ug{ pko'Qm ;+j}wflgs
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
!!= cfly{s ljsf; / ;d'Ggltlagf k|hftGq ;kmg x'g ;Qm}g .
t;y{, cfly{s ljsf;sf] nIo xfl;n ug{] qmddf–
-s_ k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fdf pknAw x'g] cfly{s k|ltkmn k|To]s
g]kfnLn] ;dfg ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{, Psflwsf/sf]
k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ Pj+ /fli6«o k'"hLsf] ;+j4{g ug{ /fHon]
v'nf Pj+ pbf/ ahf/d'vL cfly{s gLlt cjnDag ug{'kb{5 .
-v_ e"lddflysf] å}w :jfldTjsf] cGTo ug{'sf ;fy}
e"ldxLg tyf ;LdfGt ls;fgx¿nfO{ hUuf pknAw u/fpg tyf hldgsf]
pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ hgd'vL e"ld;'wf/ nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ lglZrt cjlwleq ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lzIFf,
vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo / cfjf;h:tf cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'/IFf
pknAw u/fpg] Pj+ tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ul/aLsf /]vfd'lg /x]sf hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/nfO{ dfly p7fpg] sfo{nfO{ /fHon] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug{'kb{5 .
-3_ ljsf;df /x]sf] IF]qLo c;Gt'ngnfO{ cGt ug{ ;dfg'kflts /
;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
!@= zlQm k[ysLs/0f Pj+ lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng cfw'lgs /fHo
Joj:yfsf dxŒjk"0f{ ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\ . o; l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL–
-s_ /fHosf ljleGg cËx¿sf aLrdf clwsf/ / sfo{If]qsf] :ki6
ls6fg u/L ;DalGwt cËx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_
Gofokflnsfsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] clej[l4sf nflu ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_
;+j}wflgs cËx¿df ul/g] lgo'lQmsf nflu lglZrt gLlt /
dfkb08 tof/ ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy}, lgo'lQm k|lqmof kf/bzL{ t'Nofpg'kb{5 .
-3_
;+j}wflgs cËx¿nfO{ yk :jfoQtf / clwsf/ k|bfg ul/g'kb{5
.
!#=
d'n'ssf] ;jf{]kl/ lxt / :jfy{sf] ;+j4{g g} g]kfnsf]
k//fi6« gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf /xg'kb{5 . ;fy}, c;+nUgtf,
k~rzLn / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkqk|lt k|lta4 /x"b} ljZjsf ;a}
/fi6«x¿;"u d}qL ;DaGwsf] clej[l4 ug{' Pj+ g]kfnsf] zflGtk|ltsf]
rfxgfnfO{ qmdzM ;+:yfut ub{} n}hfg' k//fi6« gLltsf] nIo x'g'kb{5 .
cfly{s–;fdflhs k|Zgx¿df ;xdlt
dfly plNnlvt ljifox¿sf cltl/Qm g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kIFaf6
k|:t't ul/Psf clwsf+z ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljifox¿df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
;}4flGts c;xdlt 5}g . tL ljifox¿ efjL ;/sf/sf lglDt dfu{bz{gsf] ¿kdf
/xg] 5g\ .
;xdltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] ljlw / k|lqmof
;'wf/sf]
nIo, gLlt / sfo{af/] ;xdlt sfod ug{' tyf
sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ljlw / k|lqmofaf/] lg0f{o ug{' jftf{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo xf]
. ;'wf/sf af/]df ;xdlt sfod ePkl5 ljlw / k|lqmofdf ;xdlt k|FKt ug{ ;xh
x'g] x'"bf ;j{k|yd ;'wf/sf ljifodf 5nkmn s]lGb|t ul/g' pko'Qm
x'g]5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't ul/Psf] ;'wf/;DaGwL k|:tfjsf]
sfof{Gjogsf nflu b]xfoadf]lhd r/0fa4 ljlw / k|lqmof k|:tfj ul/Psf]
5–
r/0f -s_ ;QfkIF / ljb|f]xL kIFsf aLrdf ;'wf/;DaGwL nIo,
gLlt / sfo{qmdaf/] jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;xdlt sfod ug{],
r/0f -v_ pk/f]Qm adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;xdltnfO{ /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng
ug]{,
r/0f -u_ ljb|F]xL kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;/sf/df ;xefuL t'NofO{ cGtl/d
r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ug{],
r/0f -3_ k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg
ug{] /
r/0f -ª_ /fli6«o ;xdltsf] b:tfj]hcg'¿k
;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg ug{] .
;+ljwfgleqaf6 nIo k|FKt
x'g;Sg]
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf tkm{af6 k|:t't ul/Psf] k|:tfj /
sfo{;"rLsf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f ubf{ tL k|:tfjx¿df plNnlvt ljifox¿
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] ;'wf/ Pj+ k'gn{]vgaf6 g} k|FKt
x'g] l:ylt b]lvG5 . tyflk, k|:tfljt ;a} ljifo / ljsNkx¿df v'nf Xbon]
5nkmn ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/ tof/ 5 .
cf–cfkm\gf] k|F/lDes wf/0ffsf] ¿kdf b'j} kIFaf6 k|:t't
ePsf ;a} ljifox¿sf] u'0f–bf]ifsf] hf"r u/L jftf{sf] qmddf ;dembf/Lsf]
ljGb' vf]Hg ;lsG5 eGg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; 5 .
kl/dfh{g
ug{ ;lsg]
>L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't /fHok|0ffnLdf cu|ufdL ;'wf/;DaGwL
o; cjwf/0ff–kqdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox¿df kf/:kl/s ;dembf/Lsf cfwf/df
kl/dfh{g, yk JofVof / ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;lsg]
b'j} kIfsf aLrdf x'g] sltko ;xdltx¿ sfo{sfl/0fL lg0f{oaf6
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] x'"bf To:tf ;xdltx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] sfof{Gjog ub{}
hfg' pko'Qm x'g]5 .
ljifo;"rLsf] lgdf{0f / jftf{ k|ltlqmof
!=
kl/l:yltsf] ufDeLo{tf / ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ b[li6ut ub{}
tyf ljBdfg cGof]n / clglZrttfsf] zL3| lg/fs/0fsf nflu zflGtjftf{nfO{
oyf;Dej rf"8f] lgisif{df k'¥ofpg'kb{5 eGg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .
@= >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't cjwf/0ff–kq Pj+ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
kIFaf6 k]; ul/Psf k|:tfj / sfo{;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL b'j} kIFsf] ;xdltdf
jftf{sf] ljifo / sfo{;"rL tof/ ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy}, jftf{sf a}7sx¿df
k"j{ lgwf{l/t ljifo;"rLdf s]lGb|t /xL 5nkmn cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5
.
#=
/fhgLlts Ph]G8fsf ;fy} ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ dfgjLo
ljifonfO{ ;d]t k|fyldstf lbO{ 5nkmn k|F/De ul/g'kb{5 . vf;u/L hgo'4sf]
bf}/fgdf kLl8t Pj+ lj:yflktx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ pRr
k|fyldstf lbOg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .
xltof/
a'emfpg] Joj:yf
b'j} kIfsf] Odfgbfl/tfk"0f{ k|of; / k|lta4tf ePsf]
v08df zflGtjftf{sf] dFWodaf6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;lsG5 eGg]af/]
>L % sf] ;/sf/ ljZj:t 5 . jftf{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg tyf jftf{sf
kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] qmddf ;xh jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ dfcf]jfbL
kIf;"u /x]sf xftxltof/x¿ tyf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿ a'emfpg];DaGwL
ljifo klg jftf{sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ Ph]G8fsf] ¿kdf /xg'kb{5 .
kLl8t
kIfsf] k'g:yf{kgf / ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f
hgo'4sf]
bf}/fgdf lj:yflkt ePsf, cËeË ePsf tyf ljleGg sf/0fn]
kLl8t ePsfx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ jftf{sf] qmddf pRr
k|Fyldstf lbOg'kb{5 eGg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff 5 . ;fy}, hgo'4sf
sf/0faf6 Wj:t kfl/Psf ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f;d]t jftf{sf]
ljifo;"rLdf /xg'kb{5 .
jftf{sf]
;kmntfsf lglDt Wofg lbg'kg{] ljifox¿
w/ftnLo
oyfy{sf] gfddf cf–cfkm\gf dgf]ut Pj+ /0fg}lts :jfy{nfO{
Ps–csf{df nfb\g vf]Hg] k|j[lQn] jftf{sf] ;kmntfdf c;xh kl/l:ylt
l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ Xbo+ud u/L To:tf] ljjfbdf gkm:g' g} pko'Qm
x'g] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 . a?, jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf
lglDt clgjfo{ tŒjsf] ¿kdf /xg] kf/:kl/s ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f tof/
ug{]tkm{ eg] b'j} kIF Odfgbfl/tfk"j{s ;+nUg /xg' cfjZos 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]xfosf ljifox¿tkm{ >L % sf] ;/sf/ Wofg cfslif{t ug{ rfxG5–
-s_ o'4lj/fdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
b'j} kIFaf6 Odfgbf/Lk"j{s kfngf ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_
cfrf/;+lxtf sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug{ ul7t cg'udg
6f]nLnfO{ tTsfn lqmofzLn t'NofOg'kb{5 . cfrf/;+lxtf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf
s'g} ljjfb b]vfk/] To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{] lhDd]jf/L cg'udg 6f]nLnfO{
lbOg'kb{5 .
-u_
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngfdf s'g} ljjfb jf cj/f]w b]vfk/]
To:tf] ljifonfO{ ;fj{hlgs ax;sf] ljifo agfpg'k"j{ kf/:kl/s
5nkmnsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg vf]Hg] k|of; ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ efux¿df /fhgLlts bnsf ultljlwx¿
tyf ;/sf/L sfo{x¿ lgjf{w ¿kdf ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ul/g'kb{5
.
o'4lj/fd e+u
gug{] k|lta4tf
o'4lj/fd e+u eO{ d'n'sdf k'gM xTof, lx+;f / cft+ssf] l:ylt
l;h{gf ePdf To;af6 /fi6«n] 7"nf] IFlt Joxf]g{'kg{] tyf /fli6«otf
/ k|hftGqdfly g} cf3ft k'Ug ;Sg] oyfy{nfO{ Xbo+ud ub{} zflGtk"0f{
jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;d:ofsf] lgsf; vf]Hg] sfo{df b'j} kIFn] Odfgbfl/tfk"j{s
k|of; ug{'kb{5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] rfxgfnfO{ sb/ ub{} s'g}
klg cj:yfdf o'4lj/fd e+u gug{] / jftf{sf] dfWodnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]
k|lta4tf b'j} kIfaf6 JoQm ul/g'kb{5 eGg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k|:tfj 5
.
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8f=
k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL
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>L % sf] ;/sf/ .
His
Majesty's Government of Nepal
Concept
of forward-looking reforms in the State System
(Concept
on forward-looking agenda on the reforms of the state system presented
by
His
Majesty's Government, including HMG's view on the proposal of the
Nepal
Communist
Party (Maoist) on Baisakh 14, 2060 BS (April) 27, 2003)
Background
1. Gradual and
continuous reform in substance, structure and values of the state
authority, together with the process of social development, is a
natural phenomenon. Historical development and events in the modern
Nepal after the unification of the Kingdom is also a testimony to
these realities. The latest set of reforms and changes in the process
were established by the People's Movement of 2046 BS (1990).
Sovereignty vested in the people, constitutional monarchy and
multi-[arty democracy are the fundamental achievements of 2046 BS.
The Constitution of
the Kingdom of Nepal was formed in the course of institutionalising
the political reforms of 2046 BS. In spite of certain inconsistencies
and obstacles in the implementation of some constitutional provisions,
the constitution is alive and functional to date as an excellent
document in view of the democratic values and norms.
2. After the change of
2046 BS, the state certainly has made important achievements in
various areas. However, there has not been expected success in the
process of achieving the objective of political, economic and social
transformation in accordance with the expectation of the people for
change. After the reestablishment of the multiparty democracy in the
country, a big wave of hope and expectation and arisen among the
people on the possibilities of economic and social progress. There was
a belief among the people that the economic and social differences and
traditions of exploitation institutionalised for centuries would fade
out the democratic environment and new aspects of progress would be
open to indigenous people, ethnic groups and various cultural groups.
But, these potentialities could not be converted into reality during
the course of new exercise in democracy. A democratic constitution was
formed. Structures were ready. General elections were held. But the
fruit of democracy could not reach all the people in a manner to
induce the desired change in the people's lifestyles in real terms.
Though the expectation against the exploitation, discrimination,
inequalities and deprivation remaining suffocated in the society for
centuries could have an opportunity to be articulated in the
democratic environment, these problems could not find appropriate
solution. Democracy was nearly confined to formality.
Formation of
government through elections, constitutional checks and balances, and
socio-economic transformation are mandatory factors for a democracy.
These factors are complementary to each other. In the course of our
democratic exercise, there could not be coherence and
inter-relationship among the electoral democracy, constitutional
checks and balances and efforts of socio-economic transformation. As a
result, many distortions and anomalies were created.
3. It is well-known that
there had been a recurring voicing of the need to introduce broad and
forward-looking reforms in the existing constitutional system even
from within the constitutional forces for the creation of an
environment in which the fruit of democracy could be shared by all the
Nepalese people, correcting the mistakes and weaknesses in the process
of conducting the business of the state in the past thirteen years.
4. In the meantime,
there has also been a fundamental change in the balance of equation
between the political forces. There has been a basic change in the
structure and balance of political power that had existed in 2046 BS
and new political forces have been seen significantly in the national
politics.
Given the above
background, it is a must to bring about forward-looking changes in the
state system in accordance with the popular will. Under the concept of
the principle of sovereignty being vested in the people, multiparty
electoral democracy, constitutional checks and balances, and
forward-looking socio-economic transformation should be the mandatory
factors of reforms in the state system.
Accepting the
above-mentioned realities, an effort has been made to present a
summary of framework of reforms in the state system, rather than
focussing only on the issues raised by the Maoists.
Objectives
Following should be
the objectives of the forward-looking reforms in the existing state
system
(a)
Building a political system that can accommodate and ensure
participation of all Nepalese people.
(b)
Creating equal opportunities for self-development of all
Nepalese people,
(c)
Developing a political system on the basis of contemporary
balance among the political forces.
(d)
Creating an egalitarian society bringing an end to all kinds of
inequalities, discrimination and exploitation.
Mandatory Bases
Sovereignty vested in
the people, constitutional monarchy, multiparty democracy, and
preservation of and promotion of the national integrity and unity
shall remain the mandatory bases for the future course of development
of the nation state system of Nepal.
Fundamental
Policies and Principles of forward- looking reforms:
1. Promoting
the national pride and identity of Nepal preserving independence,
national unity and territorial integrity of the country, and
preventing any divisive tendency in the country.
2. Developing
Nepal as a capable and developed nation state, achieving the objective
of social upliftment and modernization.
3. Crating equal
opportunity for self-development of all the Nepalese people
eliminating all kinds of discrimination on the basis of caste gender,
religion and rece,
4. Providing
the benefits of the welfare state through the just and equitable
system in all walks of national life,
5. Strengthening
the national economy adopting open market oriented economic policies,
6. Developing
effective local autonomous governance system increasing the
participation and reach of the people in the governance system.
Main aspects of
the forward-looking changes
Following shall be the
main aspects of the forward-looking changes in the nation state system
1. In accordance with
the values that the people are the decision-makers in the conduct of
the business of the state, the sovereignty of the nation should be
vested in the people. A system for conducting the business of the
state in accordance with the popular will through representatives
responsible to the people should be guaranteed. The Constitution
should clearly define the procedure of the practice of sovereignty by
the people.
2. The role and
importance of the Nepalese Monarchy in irreplaceable for the
continuity and preservation of the sanctity of the national
independence and territorial integrity of the country uniting all
Nepalese people comprising of various languages, religious, ethnic
groups and cultures. Therefore, the institution of monarchy shall
continue to remain as a symbol of Nepalese nationality and national
unity. The changes of 2046 BS and the Constitution of the Kingdom of
Nepal (2047 BS) have already defined the position and esteem of the
monarchy. The system of constitutional monarchy should be developed
according to these very norms.
3. The essence of
democracy is people's rule. In other words, democracy in the system of
conducting the affairs of the state by the people through their
representatives. As the political parties established on the basis of
various ideologies are the carries of the popular expectation and
will, there is no dispute that the system based on the competitive
multi-party democracy is the bast system of governance. Therefore:
(a)
Multi-party democracy should continue to remain as the backbone
of the future state system of Nepal.
(b)
A constitutional guarantee should be put in place for making it
impossible to ban the existence and activities of the political
parties.
(c)
Appropriate legal bases should be prepared for making the
structure, programs and financial sources of the political parties
continuously transparent, democratic and respectable.
4. The legitimate source
of the conduct of business of the state ins popular verdict expressed
by people through elections. The past experiences have proved that
distortions and anomalies can arise if the elections could not be free
and fair. Besides, the wider and more representative the verdict
expressed through elections in the parliament, the broader will be the
basis of legitimacy of the conduct of the business of state. Therefore
:
(a)
The esteem, autonomy, jurisdiction and authority of the
Election Commission should be strengthened so as to preserve the free
and fair the elections.
(b)
In view of the past experiences, a system of neutral caretaker
government should be put in place three before the polls to ensure
free and fair elections.
(c)
Except in a few sectors, a system of proportional
representation should be introduced in order to the create basis for
expression of a broader popular will in a people-oriented manner in
major elections.
5. The concept of
popularly elected government is the compulsory factor of the
democracy. A constitutional provision of vigilance should be
maintained in order to prevent difficulties and gaps in the system of
governance through the popularly elected representatives. As Prime
Minister is the executive chief of the state in the parliamentary
system, the prime ministerial system should be strengthened in the
reform of the state system giving continuity to the respectability and
effectiveness of the office of the Prime Minister.
The inconsistency and
discrepancy seen in the authority of the Prime Minister in issues
including the dissolution of the House of Representatives should be
resolved. Besides, a provision for appointing Ministers including from
outside the parliament should be made in order to improve the
effectiveness of the Council Ministers.
6. Political parties are
the carriers of the people's feelings and expectations and parliament
is the place to reflect that. The parliament is the representative
institution of the sovereign people and the people exercise the
sovereignty vested in them through the parliament. As the
effectiveness of parliament shall ensure the sovereignty of the
people, following aspects should be taken care of in the course of
making the parliament more effective:
(a)
The structure and composition of the upper house should be
totally reformed including the representation of persons of high
reputations in various walks of life and the representation of the
ethnic groups, indigenous people and Dalits in proportion to their
population.
(b)
The effectiveness of both the houses should be improved and the
system of government becoming responsible towards the parliament
should be strengthened.
(c)
The representation of women in at least 25% seats both houses
should be ensured.
7. In order to increase
the reach of people in the system of governance and to increase their
participation in it, it is essential to strengthen the system of local
self-governance. The closer the system of governance in brought to the
people, the more the effectiveness of state. Keeping in view of this
reality:
8. As the popular
verdict is the main basis of the conduct of the business of the state
and people are the main sources of power a provision should be kept
for taking referendum by the decision of the parliament on policy
issues of national importance from the people.
9. It is the
responsibility of the state to create opportunities for every Nepalese
for the self-development in the democratic environment. For that :
(a)
The pluralistic society should be strengthened preserving and
promoting all religions, ethnic groups, communities, languages and
their beliefs. The local bodies should be given the option to use the
national languages as their second working language.
(b)
A constitution guarantee should be provided for the freedom of
expression and organization according to one's faith and beliefs in an
unhindered manner.
(c)
A situation should be created for the implementation of the
rule of law with full commitment in all aspects of national life.
(d)
A guarantee shall be ensured for not compromising the human
right, fundamental rights and humanitarian values even in difficult
circumstances.
10. It is not possible to easily end
the situation of ethnic and gender discrimination, exploitation and
inequalities prevailing in the Nepalese Society for centuries. The
treatment of an extraordinary problem can only be found in
extraordinary remedies. Therefore :
(a)
For a certain period of time a system of reservation for the
indigenous, ethnic and Dalit people in the representative
institutions, education, health, administrative services and other
employment sectors should be provided until they reach the national
average on the basis of Human Development Index.
(b)
In order to remove all kinds of discrimination against women,
at least 25% of seats in all representative institutions should be
reserved for women, and special reservation for them should be
constitutionally ensured in education, health, administration and
other employment sectors.
(c)
An appropriate constitutional provision should be made for the
lasting resolution of the problem of citizenship.
11. Democracy
cannot succeed without economic development and prosperity. Therefore,
in the process of achieving economic development:
(a)
The state should adopt a
policy of free and liberal market-oriented economy in order to create
an environment for equal opportunity for each Nepali to benefit from
the fruit of economic development in democratic environment, and to
discourage monopolistic tendencies.
(b)
In order to end the dual ownership on the land and to make
available land to the land less and marginal farmers and to increase
the productivity of the land a people oriented land reforms should be
implemented.
(c)
The state should ensure the raising of the living standard of
the people living under the poverty line on a time bound basis and
should fulfil their basic needs such as education, water supply,
health and housing and provided social security for all.
(d)
In order to end the regional disparity in development, the
concept of equitable and balanced regional development should be
practically implemented.
12. Separation
of power and checks and balances are important characteristics of the
modern state system. Taking these principles as basis :
(a)
The effectiveness of the related state organs should be
improved through clear delineation of the authority and scope of the
various organs of the State.
(b)
Timely reforms should be made to improve the effectiveness of
the judiciary.
(c)
Role of the parliament should be established in the
appointments for the constitutional bodies and a definite policy and
standard should be developed for such appointment. The appointment
procedure should be made transparent.
(d)
The constitutional bodies should be given greater autonomy and
authority.
13. Promotion
of the ultimate national interest should be the guiding principle of
the foreign policy of Nepal. The objective of the foreign policy
should be to strengthen friendly relations with all countries of the
world and to gradually institutionalise Nepal's aspiration for peace,
while remaining committed to the principles of No-alignment,
Panchsheel and the United Nations Charter.
Consensus on
Economic and Social Issues:
Apart from the issues
mentioned above, His Majesty's Government has no disagreement in
principle regarding most of the social and economic issues presented
by the Nepal communist Party (Maoists), which way be useful guidelines
for the future governments.
Method and
process for implementation of the Consensus:
The main objective of
talks is to arrive at a consensus on the objectives, polices and works
of reforms and to decide the method and process of implementation. At
it will be easier to arrive at a consensus on the method and process
after a consensus is reached on the issue of reforms, it will be
appropriate to concentrate the discussion on the issue of reforms. The
method and process of reforms proposed by His Majesty's Government
shall be implemented in the following stage :
Step
A.
Creating consensus between the government and the rebel side
through negotiation on the objectives, polices and programs of
reforms.
Step
B.
Organizing
a Round – Table Conference with the participation including of the
political parties in order to establish the agreement reached as the
document of national consensus.
Step
C.
Formation of an interim electoral government including the
rebel side as well.
Step
D.
Holding of the election to the House of Representatives.
Step
E.
Amending
the constitution in accordance with the document of national
consensus.
Objectives
achievable from within the Constitution:
After studying and
analysing the proposal and agenda presented by the NCP (Maoists) the
subjects mentioned in the proposals seem to be achievable through the
amendment and rewriting of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal
(2047 BS). However, His Majesty's Government is ready to discuss all
the subjects and alternatives with an open heart. HMG believes that
broader understanding can be reached during the process of
negotiations on all aspects outlined in the preliminary concept papers
presented by both sides examining the merits and demerits of the
issues.
Revisions of the
concept:
The issues mentioned
in this concept paper on the forward-looking reforms presented by HMG
can be revised, clarified and readjusted on the basis of mutual
understanding.
Ongoing
implementation:
As several issues
agreed by the two can be implemented through the executive decision of
the government, it will be appropriate to gradually implement such
agreements by the government simultaneously.
Agenda Setting
and Negotiation Process:
1.
Considering the seriousness and sensitivity of the situation
and the need to quickly resolve the existing uncertainty and
confusion, HMG is of the view that the peace negotiations should be
concluded as soon as possible.
2.
On the basis of this concept paper presented by HMG and the
proposal and agenda presented by the NCP (Maoists), the subject and
agenda of the negotiations should be prepared in mutual agreement. The
meetings for negotiations should be taken forward concentrating on the
pre-determined agenda.
3.
The discussions should be started giving priority to the
political agenda as well as social, economic and humanitarian
subjects. Especially, it is essential to give high priority to the
works related to the rehabilitation of the victim and displaced people
during the "People's War"
Provision for
handing over the arms:
HMG is fully convinced
that a solution to the problem can be sought through peace
negotiations if both sides are fully committed to make sincere
efforts. In order to create an environment for the implementation of
the outcome of the negotiations during the course of bringing the
negotiations to conclusion, the issue of handing over of the arms and
ammunitions lying with the Maoist side should be one of the important
items of the agenda of the negotiations.
Rehabilitation
of victim and Reconstruction of Infrastructure:
HMG is of the view
that a high priority should be given to the works related to the
rehabilitation of the people displaced, disabled, and victimized for
various reasons during the "People's War". The
reconstruction of the damaged infrastructure because of the people's
war should also be included in the agenda of the talks.
Issues to be
addressed for the success of negotiations:
Realizing that the
tendency of imposing one's one perception and strategic interests
against the other in the name of "ground reality" can create
difficult situation in the negotiations, HMG believes that it will be
appropriate not to indulge in that kind of dispute. Instead, it is
essential that both sides should be engaged in creating the
environment of mutual trust and confidence, which is a compulsory
factor for the success of negotiations. In this regard, HMG wants to
draw attention to the following subjects:
(a)
Both sides should sincerely implement and observe the agreed
Code of Conduct to mage the cease-fire.
(b)
The Monitoring Committee established to monitor the Code of
Conduct should be activated immediately. In case an dispute is see in
the implementation of the Code of Conduct, the responsibility for
resolving that should be given to the Monitoring Committee.
(c)
In case of any dispute or difficulty in the implementation of
the Code of Conduct, efforts should be made to resolve the issue
through mutual consultations before making it an issue of public
debate.
(d)
An environment should be created for the unhindered activities
of the political parties and that of the government in all parts of
the country.
Commitment not
to break the cease-fire:
Realizing the fact
that the nation will have to bear a big loss and the serious impact it
will have on the very essence of democracy and nationality if there is
a relapse of the situation of killings, violence and terror in the
country due to the end of cease fire, both sides should make sincere
efforts to seek resolution through peaceful negotiations. His
Majesty's Government proposed that a commitment should be made from
both sides for not breaking the cease fire and for giving continuity
to the negotiations under and circumstances, respecting the desire of
the Nepalese people for peace.
Shrawan 32, 2060 BS
(August 17, 2003) |
